Napoleon, upon ascending to First Consul of France in 1799, had inherited a republic in chaos he subsequently created a state with stable finances, a strong bureaucracy, and a well-trained army. The wars are often categorised into five conflicts, each termed after the coalition that fought Napoleon: the Third Coalition (1805), the Fourth (1806–07), the Fifth (1809), the Sixth (1813–14), and the Seventh (1815). The wars stemmed from the unresolved disputes associated with the French Revolution and its resultant conflict.
It produced a period of French domination over most of continental Europe. The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European powers formed into various coalitions.
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